Excel Function Library

A comprehensive, searchable reference for Excel's most useful functions, connected directly to practical tutorials and deep dives from the article library.

Browse Excel functions by category

Use these category pages to compare related formulas, then open the full reference for syntax, examples, arguments, and linked tutorials.

Showing 81 of 81 functions

AND

Logical

2026-03-18

Return TRUE if all supplied conditions evaluate to TRUE.

Syntax

AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

ASC

Text

2026-06-13

Convert full-width DBCS characters to half-width single-byte characters.

Syntax

ASC(text)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

AVERAGE

Statistical

2026-03-18

Return the arithmetic mean of the numbers in a range or list of values.

Syntax

AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)
Used in 7 articlesView reference

AVERAGEIF

Statistical

2026-03-18

Return the average of values that meet one condition.

Syntax

AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])
Used in 1 articleView reference

AVERAGEIFS

Statistical

2026-03-18

Return the average of values that meet multiple conditions.

Syntax

AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], ...)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

BAHTTEXT

Text

2026-06-13

Convert a number to Thai text and append the Baht currency suffix.

Syntax

BAHTTEXT(number)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

CHAR

Text

2026-06-13

Return the character represented by a numeric character code.

Syntax

CHAR(number)
Used in 1 articleView reference

CHOOSE

Lookup & Reference

2026-06-13

Return one value from a list by position number.

Syntax

CHOOSE(index_num, value1, [value2], ...)
Used in 1 articleView reference

CLEAN

Text

2026-06-13

Remove nonprintable characters from imported or copied text.

Syntax

CLEAN(text)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

CODE

Text

2026-06-13

Return the numeric code for the first character in a text string.

Syntax

CODE(text)
Used in 1 articleView reference

COLUMN

Lookup & Reference

2026-06-13

Return the column number of a reference or of the cell that contains the formula.

Syntax

COLUMN([reference])
Used in 10 articlesView reference

CONCAT

Text

2026-03-18

Join text from multiple cells or ranges into one string without adding a delimiter.

Syntax

CONCAT(text1, [text2], ...)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

CONCATENATE

Text

2026-03-18

Join multiple text values into a single text string.

Syntax

CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
Used in 5 articlesView reference

COPILOT

AI & Productivity

2026-03-14

Use a natural-language prompt directly in a cell to generate or transform content with Excel Copilot.

Syntax

COPILOT(prompt, [value])
Used in 8 articlesView reference

COUNT

Statistical

2026-03-18

Count how many cells contain numeric values.

Syntax

COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)
Used in 1 articleView reference

COUNTA

Statistical

2026-03-18

Count how many cells are not empty.

Syntax

COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)
Used in 7 articlesView reference

COUNTBLANK

Statistical

2026-03-18

Count how many blank cells are in a range.

Syntax

COUNTBLANK(range)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

COUNTIF

Statistical

2026-03-18

Count the number of cells in a range that meet a single condition.

Syntax

COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Used in 4 articlesView reference

COUNTIFS

Statistical

2026-03-18

Count how many rows meet multiple criteria.

Syntax

COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2]…)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

DATE

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Build a valid Excel date from separate year, month, and day values.

Syntax

DATE(year, month, day)
Used in 8 articlesView reference

DATEDIF

Date & Time

2026-03-14

Calculate the difference between two dates in years, months, days, or combinations of them.

Syntax

DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

DAY

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return the day number from a valid Excel date.

Syntax

DAY(serial_number)
Used in 4 articlesView reference

DOLLAR

Text

2026-06-13

Convert a number to text in currency format with configurable rounding.

Syntax

DOLLAR(number, [decimals])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

EOMONTH

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return the last day of the month a given number of months before or after a start date.

Syntax

EOMONTH(start_date, months)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

EXACT

Text

2026-06-08

Compare two text strings and return TRUE only when they match exactly.

Syntax

EXACT(text1, text2)
Used in 1 articleView reference

FILTER

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Return only the rows or columns in an array that meet criteria you define.

Syntax

FILTER(array, include, [if_empty])
Used in 3 articlesView reference

FIND

Text

2026-03-18

Return the starting position of one text string inside another, with case-sensitive matching.

Syntax

FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num])
Used in 1 articleView reference

FIXED

Text

2026-06-13

Round a number, format it as text, and optionally suppress thousands separators.

Syntax

FIXED(number, [decimals], [no_commas])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

HLOOKUP

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Search across the top row of a table and return a value from a specified row underneath it.

Syntax

HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
Used in 5 articlesView reference

IF

Logical

2026-03-18

Test a condition and return one result for TRUE and another for FALSE.

Syntax

IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])
Used in 15 articlesView reference

IFS

Logical

2026-03-18

Evaluate multiple conditions and return the result for the first TRUE condition.

Syntax

IFS(logical_test1, value_if_true1, [logical_test2, value_if_true2], ...)
Used in 1 articleView reference

INDEX

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Return a value from a range by row number, column number, or both.

Syntax

INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])
Used in 19 articlesView reference

INDIRECT

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Return the reference specified by a text string, allowing dynamic cell and range references.

Syntax

INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1])
Used in 1 articleView reference

ISNUMBER

Information

2026-03-23

Test whether a value is numeric in Excel and return TRUE or FALSE without coercing text numbers.

Syntax

ISNUMBER(value)
Used in 3 articlesView reference

LEFT

Text

2026-03-18

Return the first character or characters from a text string.

Syntax

LEFT(text, [num_chars])
Used in 3 articlesView reference

LEN

Text

2026-03-18

Return the number of characters in a text string.

Syntax

LEN(text)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

LOWER

Text

2026-06-13

Convert all letters in a text string to lowercase.

Syntax

LOWER(text)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

MATCH

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Return the relative position of a value inside a row or column.

Syntax

MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])
Used in 16 articlesView reference

MID

Text

2026-03-18

Return characters from the middle of a text string based on a start position and length.

Syntax

MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
Used in 4 articlesView reference

MOD

Math & Trig

2026-03-18

Return the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.

Syntax

MOD(number, divisor)
Used in 8 articlesView reference

MONTH

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return the month number from a valid Excel date.

Syntax

MONTH(serial_number)
Used in 3 articlesView reference

NETWORKDAYS

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return the number of working days between two dates.

Syntax

NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])
Used in 2 articlesView reference

NOW

Date & Time

2026-03-14

Return the current date and time based on the workbook's latest recalculation.

Syntax

NOW()
Used in 6 articlesView reference

OFFSET

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Return a reference shifted by a specified number of rows and columns from a starting point.

Syntax

OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, [height], [width])
Used in 16 articlesView reference

OR

Logical

2026-03-18

Return TRUE if any supplied condition evaluates to TRUE.

Syntax

OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

PHONETIC

Text

2026-06-13

Extract the phonetic furigana characters from a text string or referenced cell.

Syntax

PHONETIC(reference)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

PROPER

Text

2026-06-13

Capitalize the first letter of each word-like segment in a text string.

Syntax

PROPER(text)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

REGEXREPLACE

Text

2026-06-13

Replace matching text in a string by using a regular expression pattern.

Syntax

REGEXREPLACE(text, pattern, replacement, [occurrence], [case_sensitivity])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

REPLACE

Text

2026-06-13

Replace part of a text string by character position and length.

Syntax

REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

REPT

Text

2026-06-13

Repeat a text string a specified number of times.

Syntax

REPT(text, number_times)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

RIGHT

Text

2026-03-18

Return characters from the right end of a text string.

Syntax

RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
Used in 4 articlesView reference

ROUND

Math & Trig

2026-03-18

Round a number to a specified number of digits.

Syntax

ROUND(number, num_digits)
Used in 3 articlesView reference

ROUNDUP

Math & Trig

2026-06-13

Round a number up, away from zero, to a specified number of digits.

Syntax

ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)
Used in 1 articleView reference

ROW

Lookup & Reference

2026-06-13

Return the row number of a reference or of the cell that contains the formula.

Syntax

ROW([reference])
Used in 8 articlesView reference

SEARCH

Text

2026-03-18

Return the starting position of one text string inside another, without case-sensitive matching.

Syntax

SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num])
Used in 1 articleView reference

SORT

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Sort the contents of a range or array by one of its rows or columns.

Syntax

SORT(array, [sort_index], [sort_order], [by_col])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

SORTBY

Lookup & Reference

2026-06-13

Sort a range or array based on values in a separate range or array.

Syntax

SORTBY(array, by_array1, [sort_order1], [by_array2, sort_order2], ...)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

SUBSTITUTE

Text

2026-06-13

Replace specific text inside a string by matching old text instead of character positions.

Syntax

SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text, [instance_num])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

SUM

Math & Trig

2026-03-18

Add numbers, cell references, and ranges together in a single formula.

Syntax

SUM(number1, [number2], ...)
Used in 15 articlesView reference

SUMIF

Math & Trig

2026-03-14

Add values that meet a single condition.

Syntax

SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
Used in 2 articlesView reference

SUMIFS

Math & Trig

2026-03-18

Add values that meet multiple conditions at the same time.

Syntax

SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2], [criteria2], ...)
Used in 9 articlesView reference

SWITCH

Logical

2026-03-18

Match an expression against a list of values and return the result for the first match.

Syntax

SWITCH(expression, value1, result1, [value2, result2], ..., [default])
Used in 1 articleView reference

T

Text

2026-06-13

Return text values as text and convert non-text values to an empty string.

Syntax

T(value)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

TEXT

Text

2026-03-18

Convert a value to text using a custom number, date, or time format.

Syntax

TEXT(value, format_text)
Used in 8 articlesView reference

TEXTAFTER

Text

2026-06-13

Return the text that appears after a chosen delimiter.

Syntax

TEXTAFTER(text,delimiter,[instance_num],[match_mode],[match_end],[if_not_found])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

TEXTBEFORE

Text

2026-06-13

Return the text that appears before a chosen delimiter.

Syntax

TEXTBEFORE(text,delimiter,[instance_num],[match_mode],[match_end],[if_not_found])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

TEXTJOIN

Text

2026-03-18

Join text from multiple cells or ranges into one string with a delimiter you choose.

Syntax

TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, [text2], …)
Used in 0 articlesView reference

TEXTSPLIT

Text

2026-06-13

Split text into columns, rows, or both by using one or more delimiters.

Syntax

TEXTSPLIT(text,col_delimiter,[row_delimiter],[ignore_empty],[match_mode],[pad_with])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

TIME

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Build a valid Excel time value from hour, minute, and second components.

Syntax

TIME(hour, minute, second)
Used in 18 articlesView reference

TODAY

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return the current date as a dynamic Excel date value.

Syntax

TODAY()
Used in 8 articlesView reference

TRIM

Text

2026-03-18

Remove extra spaces from text while leaving single spaces between words.

Syntax

TRIM(text)
Used in 13 articlesView reference

TRUNC

Math & Trig

2026-03-18

Truncate a number by removing digits without rounding the result.

Syntax

TRUNC(number, [num_digits])
Used in 3 articlesView reference

TYPE

Text

2026-03-18

Return a code that identifies the data type of a value.

Syntax

TYPE(value)
Used in 5 articlesView reference

UNIQUE

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Return a list of distinct values from a range or array.

Syntax

UNIQUE(array, [by_col], [exactly_once])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

UPPER

Text

2026-06-13

Convert all letters in a text string to uppercase.

Syntax

UPPER(text)
Used in 2 articlesView reference

VALUE

Text

2026-03-18

Convert a text representation of a number, date, or time into a numeric Excel value.

Syntax

VALUE(text)
Used in 4 articlesView reference

VLOOKUP

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-14

Search for a value in the first column of a table and return a value from the same row.

Syntax

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
Used in 17 articlesView reference

WEEKDAY

Date & Time

2026-03-14

Return the day-of-week number for a valid Excel date.

Syntax

WEEKDAY(serial_number, [return_type])
Used in 2 articlesView reference

WORKDAY

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return a date that is a given number of working days before or after a start date.

Syntax

WORKDAY(start_date, days, [holidays])
Used in 0 articlesView reference

XLOOKUP

Lookup & Reference

2026-03-18

Search a range or array for a match and return a corresponding item from a second range or array.

Syntax

XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found], [match_mode], [search_mode])
Used in 10 articlesView reference

YEAR

Date & Time

2026-03-18

Return the year from a valid Excel date.

Syntax

YEAR(serial_number)
Used in 5 articlesView reference